title: Brief Principles of the Arabic Language

artist: Guadagnoli, Filippo, 1596-1656

date: 1642<div style="display: none;">date QS:P571,+1642-00-00T00:00:00Z/9</div>

medium: ru 1=Книги fr 1=Livres en 1=Books zh 1=图书 pt 1=Livros ar 1=كتب es 1=Libros

dimensions: en 1=362 pages ; 32 centimeters

current location: ru|1=Национальная библиотека Катара fr|1=Bibliothèque nationale du Qatar en|1=Qatar National Library zh|1=卡塔尔国家图书馆 pt|1=Biblioteca Nacional do Catar ar|1=مكتبة قطر الوطنية es|1=Biblioteca Nacional de Catar

source: http://dl.wdl.org/10680/service/10680.pdf * Gallery: http://www.wdl.org/en/item/10680/

credit: <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://dl.wdl.org/10680/service/10680.pdf">http://dl.wdl.org/10680/service/10680.pdf</a> </p> <ul><li>Gallery: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/10680/">http://www.wdl.org/en/item/10680/</a> </li></ul>

description: Philippo Guadagnoli (1596–1656) was a Franciscan priest and Italian orientalist. A native of Magliano in the province of Tuscany, he joined the Franciscan order in 1612 and devoted himself to studying <u style="background-color:yellow;" class="">arabic</u> and other languages of the Middle East. He served as professor of <u style="background-color:yellow;" class="">arabic</u> and Aramaic at Università “La Sapienza” in Rome. His writings include an <u style="background-color:yellow;" class="">arabic</u> translation of the Bible (said to have taken him 27 years to complete) and a polemical work entitled <em>Apologia pro Religione Christiana</em> (In defense of the Christian religion), published in Rome in 1649. <em>Breves Arabicae Linguae Institutiones</em> (Brief principles of the <u style="background-color:yellow;" class="">arabic</u> language) is a study of <u style="background-color:yellow;" class="">arabic</u> grammar. Guadagnoli mentions the didactic <u style="background-color:yellow;" class="">poem</u> <em>al-Qasīdah al-Khazrajī </em>by Ḍiyāʾ al-Dīn Abū Muḥammad al-Khazraj̲ī, which contains the author’s encapsulation of the principles of <u style="background-color:yellow;" class="">arabic</u> metrics, thus introducing this important work to Western audiences. Guadagnoli dedicated this work to Cardinal Antonio Barberini (1607–71), a patron of the arts and a member of the prominent Barberini family. It was apparently submitted for publication in 1640, at the church of San Lorenzo, in Lucina, Rome, but it was not published until 1642. <br><u style="background-color:yellow;" class="">arabic</u> language; Grammar

title: The Burdah Poem

artist: Al-Busiri, Sharaf al-Dīn Muḥammad (1213-1294)

date: between 1600 and 1700 <div style="display: none;">date QS:P571,+1500-00-00T00:00:00Z/6,P1319,+1600-00-00T00:00:00Z/9,P1326,+1700-00-00T00:00:00Z/9</div>

medium: ru 1=Рукописи fr 1=Manuscrits en 1=Manuscripts zh 1=手稿 pt 1=Manuscritos ar 1=مخطوطات es 1=Manuscritos

dimensions: en 1=25 x 16 centimeters. Cream, glazed paper for main panel; multi-colored paper for inlaid margins, which are decorated with floral and geometrical designs, the latter in the form of stamp-like pendants

current location: ru|1=Музей искусства Уолтерса fr|1=Musée des arts Walters en|1=Walters Art Museum zh|1=沃尔特斯艺术博物馆 pt|1=Museu de Arte Walters ar|1=متحف والترز الفني es|1=Museo de Arte Walters

source: http://dl.wdl.org/3570/service/3570.pdf * Gallery: http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3570/

credit: <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://dl.wdl.org/3570/service/3570.pdf">http://dl.wdl.org/3570/service/3570.pdf</a> </p> <ul><li>Gallery: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3570/">http://www.wdl.org/en/item/3570/</a> </li></ul>

description: This illuminated small codex contains a famous <u style="background-color:yellow;" class="">poem</u> in honor of the Prophet Muhammad popularly known as “Qaṣīdat al-Burdah” (The <u style="background-color:yellow;" class="">poem</u> of the mantle), which was composed by Sharaf al-Dīn Muḥammad al-Būṣīrī (died 694 AH [1294 CE]). This copy was executed in a variety of scripts, probably in Iran, by Ḥabīb Allāh ibn Dūst Muḥammad al-Khwārizmī in the 11th century AH (17th century CE). The first page (folio 1b) of the manuscript features an illuminated rectangular headpiece with five inner panels of text executed in the following scripts: <em>muhaqqaq </em>(gold), <em>naskh </em>(black), <em>thuluth </em>(blue), naskh (black), and muhaqqaq (gold). Muhaqqaq, naskh, and thuluth are three of the six scripts collectively known as the Six Pens. Perfected between the 10th and 13th centuries, the Six Pens are the classical script styles that influenced later generations of calligraphers, up to the present day. The final illuminated page (folio 23a) in the codex contains the colophon, which gives the name of the scribe as Ḥabīb Allāh ibn Dūst Muḥammad. The colophon is written in <em>riqa </em>script, defined by fluid lines. Riqa was commonly used for chancellery documents and for colophons. <br><u style="background-color:yellow;" class="">arabic</u> calligraphy; <u style="background-color:yellow;" class="">arabic</u> poetry; Codex; Illuminations; Islamic manuscripts; Poetry

title: Anonymous Arabic and Persian Poetic Verses

artist: unknown

date: between 1500 and 1599 <div style="display: none;">date QS:P571,+1550-00-00T00:00:00Z/7,P1319,+1500-00-00T00:00:00Z/9,P1326,+1599-00-00T00:00:00Z/9</div>

medium: ru 1=Рукописи fr 1=Manuscrits en 1=Manuscripts zh 1=手稿 pt 1=Manuscritos ar 1=مخطوطات es 1=Manuscritos

dimensions: en 1=27.5 x 38.9 centimeters

current location: ru|1=Библиотека Конгресса fr|1=Bibliothèque du Congrès en|1=Library of Congress zh|1=国会图书馆 pt|1=Biblioteca do Congresso ar|1=مكتبة الكونغرس es|1=Biblioteca del Congreso

source: http://dl.wdl.org/6796.png * Gallery: http://www.wdl.org/en/item/6796/

credit: <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://dl.wdl.org/6796.png">http://dl.wdl.org/6796.png</a> </p> <ul><li>Gallery: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/6796/">http://www.wdl.org/en/item/6796/</a> </li></ul>

description: This fragment contains an <u style="background-color:yellow;" class="">arabic</u> <u style="background-color:yellow;" class="">poem</u> in eight verses in the center panel and Persian poetical verses in small rectangular registers arranged around the central panel and pasted above a light blue background. The <u style="background-color:yellow;" class="">arabic</u> <u style="background-color:yellow;" class="">poem</u> stresses Muhammad’s ability to provide intercession for his community on the Day of Judgment. It is a kind of praise or request directed towards the Prophet that is seen in a number of other calligraphic panels meant either for public display or included in albums of calligraphies. The <u style="background-color:yellow;" class="">arabic</u> and Persian verses are executed in nasta'liq script, also known as ta'liq (in Turkey) and Farsi (in Arab lands). The term nasta'liq, which combines naskh (cursive) and ta'liq (hanging), refers to a blend of the two scripts believed to have been invented by the 14th-century Persian calligrapher Mir 'Ali Tabrizi. This fragment may have been produced in Persia in the 16th century. The central sheet of calligraphy consists of brown paper sprinkled with fine gold dust and contains five rough squares of gold leaf. The calligraphy panels are separated by gold lines outlined in black, forming rectangular frames for the <u style="background-color:yellow;" class="">arabic</u> verses. Around the central panel appears a pink border with floral designs executed in gold, with a light blue border with the 28 panels of Persian verses interlaced with gold vine designs. These calligraphic sheets are all glued onto a tan laminated paper decorated with gold-painted flowers, birds, and plants. <br><u style="background-color:yellow;" class="">arabic</u> calligraphy; <u style="background-color:yellow;" class="">arabic</u> poetry; Illuminations; Islamic calligraphy; Islamic manuscripts; Judgment Day

title: Lines from “Qaṣīdat al-burdah” (the Poem of the Mantle)

artist: Shirazi, Vassal-i, died 1846

date: 1842<div style="display: none;">date QS:P571,+1842-00-00T00:00:00Z/9</div>

medium: ru 1=Рукописи fr 1=Manuscrits en 1=Manuscripts zh 1=手稿 pt 1=Manuscritos ar 1=مخطوطات es 1=Manuscritos

dimensions: en 1=10.2 x 17.7 centimeters

current location: ru|1=Библиотека Конгресса fr|1=Bibliothèque du Congrès en|1=Library of Congress zh|1=国会图书馆 pt|1=Biblioteca do Congresso ar|1=مكتبة الكونغرس es|1=Biblioteca del Congreso

source: http://dl.wdl.org/6837.png * Gallery: http://www.wdl.org/en/item/6837/

credit: <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://dl.wdl.org/6837.png">http://dl.wdl.org/6837.png</a> </p> <ul><li>Gallery: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/6837/">http://www.wdl.org/en/item/6837/</a> </li></ul>

description: This fragment includes a <u style="background-color:yellow;" class="">poem</u> in <u style="background-color:yellow;" class="">arabic</u> written in black Naskh script on a beige paper. The words are fully vocalized in black and framed by cloud bands on a gold background. The text panel is framed in blue and pasted to a larger sheet of green paper backed by cardboard. On the final line, the calligrapher Vassal states that he has written the work on a Monday night during the year 1258 AH/1842. The calligrapher can be identified as the famous Naskh-revivalist Vassal-i Shirazi (died 1262 AH/1846), the greatest Iranian calligrapher of the 19th century. He seems to have executed this piece only four years before his death. <br><u style="background-color:yellow;" class="">arabic</u> calligraphy; <u style="background-color:yellow;" class="">arabic</u> manuscripts; <u style="background-color:yellow;" class="">arabic</u> poetry; Illuminations; Poetry

title: Poem

artist: al-Mukhtār ibn Aḥmad ibn Abī Bakr al-Kuntī al-Kabīr, Sayyid

date: between 1500 and 1900 <div style="display: none;">date QS:P571,+1500-00-00T00:00:00Z/6,P1319,+1500-00-00T00:00:00Z/9,P1326,+1900-00-00T00:00:00Z/9</div>

medium: ru 1=Рукописи fr 1=Manuscrits en 1=Manuscripts zh 1=手稿 pt 1=Manuscritos ar 1=مخطوطات es 1=Manuscritos

current location: ru|1=Мемориальная библиотека Мамма Хайдара fr|1=Bibliothèque commémorative Mamma Haidara en|1=Mamma Haidara Commemorative Library zh|1=海达拉家族纪念图书馆 pt|1=Biblioteca Comemorativa Mamma Haidara ar|1=مكتبة ماما حيدرة التذكارية es|1=Colección Conmemorativa Mamma Haidara

source: http://dl.wdl.org/9658/service/9658.pdf * Gallery: http://www.wdl.org/en/item/9658/

credit: <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://dl.wdl.org/9658/service/9658.pdf">http://dl.wdl.org/9658/service/9658.pdf</a> </p> <ul><li>Gallery: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.wdl.org/en/item/9658/">http://www.wdl.org/en/item/9658/</a> </li></ul>

description: Timbuktu (present-day Tombouctou in Mali), founded around 1100 as a commercial center for trade across the Sahara Desert, was also an important seat of Islamic learning from the 14th century onward. The libraries there contain many important manuscripts, in different styles of <u style="background-color:yellow;" class="">arabic</u> scripts, which were written and copied by Timbuktu’s scribes and scholars. These works constitute the city’s most famous and long-lasting contribution to Islamic and world civilization. In <em>Qasīdah </em>(<u style="background-color:yellow;" class="">poem</u>), Sayyid al-Mukhtār ibn Aḥmad ibn Abī Bakr al-Kuntī al-Kabīr instructs students of Islamic law about the rights of orphans and of married women. He uses verse as a memory aid for the students. <br><u style="background-color:yellow;" class="">arabic</u> calligraphy; <u style="background-color:yellow;" class="">arabic</u> manuscripts; <u style="background-color:yellow;" class="">arabic</u> poetry; Children; Islamic law; Islamic manuscripts; Poetry; Timbuktu manuscripts; Women

title: <div class="fn"> Arabic Manuscript: Poem on general anatomy</div>

artist: unknown

source: https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/obf_images/d1/9d/392df86fd7c09ca43a9ce5980cf4.jpg * Gallery: https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/image/L0010769.html * Wellcome Collection gallery (2018-03-23): https://wellcomecollection.org/works/bt6jzna3 [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ CC-BY-4.0]

credit: <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/obf_images/d1/9d/392df86fd7c09ca43a9ce5980cf4.jpg">https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/obf_images/d1/9d/392df86fd7c09ca43a9ce5980cf4.jpg</a> </p> <ul> <li>Gallery: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/image/L0010769.html">https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/image/L0010769.html</a> </li> <li>Wellcome Collection gallery (2018-03-23): <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://wellcomecollection.org/works/bt6jzna3">https://wellcomecollection.org/works/bt6jzna3</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY-4.0</a> </li> </ul>

description: <div class="description"> <p>Text: The title 'Bones' appears. </p> <p>Asian Collection<br> Keywords: anatomy, <u style="background-color:yellow;" class="">arabic</u>; Avicenna</p> </div>

title: <div class="fn"> Arabic Manuscript: Poem on general anatomy</div>

artist: unknown

source: https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/obf_images/d5/52/2dca934823ca8b418b8433d8a4e8.jpg * Gallery: https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/image/L0010770.html * Wellcome Collection gallery (2018-03-23): https://wellcomecollection.org/works/phtwa2ng [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ CC-BY-4.0]

credit: <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/obf_images/d5/52/2dca934823ca8b418b8433d8a4e8.jpg">https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/obf_images/d5/52/2dca934823ca8b418b8433d8a4e8.jpg</a> </p> <ul> <li>Gallery: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/image/L0010770.html">https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/image/L0010770.html</a> </li> <li>Wellcome Collection gallery (2018-03-23): <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://wellcomecollection.org/works/phtwa2ng">https://wellcomecollection.org/works/phtwa2ng</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY-4.0</a> </li> </ul>

description: <div class="description"> <p>Text: contains the title "Muscles" </p> <p>Asian Collection<br> Keywords: anatomy, <u style="background-color:yellow;" class="">arabic</u>; Avicenna</p> </div>

title: <div class="fn"> Arabic Manuscript: Poem on general anatomy</div>

artist: unknown

source: https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/obf_images/bc/09/87d3e68d349f0650634dc94eb0a6.jpg * Gallery: https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/image/L0010771.html * Wellcome Collection gallery (2018-03-23): https://wellcomecollection.org/works/v487xxfv [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ CC-BY-4.0]

credit: <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/obf_images/bc/09/87d3e68d349f0650634dc94eb0a6.jpg">https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/obf_images/bc/09/87d3e68d349f0650634dc94eb0a6.jpg</a> </p> <ul> <li>Gallery: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/image/L0010771.html">https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/image/L0010771.html</a> </li> <li>Wellcome Collection gallery (2018-03-23): <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://wellcomecollection.org/works/v487xxfv">https://wellcomecollection.org/works/v487xxfv</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY-4.0</a> </li> </ul>

description: <div class="description"> <p>Text: contains the title "Arteries" </p> <p>Asian Collection<br> Keywords: anatomy, <u style="background-color:yellow;" class="">arabic</u>; Avicenna</p> </div>

title: <div class="fn"> Arabic Manuscript: Poem on general anatomy</div>

artist: unknown

source: https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/obf_images/35/51/c33acce67156a7e90a6a18bfa7b0.jpg * Gallery: https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/image/L0010772.html * Wellcome Collection gallery (2018-03-23): https://wellcomecollection.org/works/wkgeszfk [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ CC-BY-4.0]

credit: <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/obf_images/35/51/c33acce67156a7e90a6a18bfa7b0.jpg">https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/obf_images/35/51/c33acce67156a7e90a6a18bfa7b0.jpg</a> </p> <ul> <li>Gallery: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/image/L0010772.html">https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/image/L0010772.html</a> </li> <li>Wellcome Collection gallery (2018-03-23): <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://wellcomecollection.org/works/wkgeszfk">https://wellcomecollection.org/works/wkgeszfk</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY-4.0</a> </li> </ul>

description: <div class="description"> <p>Text: contains the title "Veins" </p> <p>Asian Collection<br> Keywords: anatomy, <u style="background-color:yellow;" class="">arabic</u>; Avicenna</p> </div>

title: <div class="fn"> Arabic Manuscript: Poem on general anatomy</div>

artist: unknown

source: https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/obf_images/ea/fe/f6be0f7a2689104076414d1c44f6.jpg * Gallery: https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/image/L0010773.html * Wellcome Collection gallery (2018-03-23): https://wellcomecollection.org/works/fzt77uan [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ CC-BY-4.0]

credit: <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/obf_images/ea/fe/f6be0f7a2689104076414d1c44f6.jpg">https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/obf_images/ea/fe/f6be0f7a2689104076414d1c44f6.jpg</a> </p> <ul> <li>Gallery: <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/image/L0010773.html">https://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/image/L0010773.html</a> </li> <li>Wellcome Collection gallery (2018-03-23): <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://wellcomecollection.org/works/fzt77uan">https://wellcomecollection.org/works/fzt77uan</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC-BY-4.0</a> </li> </ul>

description: <div class="description"> <p>Text </p> <p>Asian Collection<br> Keywords: anatomy, <u style="background-color:yellow;" class="">arabic</u>; Avicenna</p> </div>